what is the caste system for hinduism

The key constructors and defenders of the caste system, the Brahmins, claimed that the presence of an organized caste system, with its elaborate rules and required caste duty (dharma), prevented society from degenerating into chaos. The Brahmins thus devised rules for each caste (varna) in accordance with the four stages (ashramas) in the life of a man (the Vedic society was patriarchal): celibate student, married householder, retired forest dweller, and the ascetic stage. This whole system was called varnashrama dharma— the duties of each caste in the four stages of a man’s life. In the first stage, a boy receives his education by studying under a guru, and in the second stage he marries and has children. In the third stage, he retires with his wife to the forest after handing over the responsibility of the household to his oldest son. In the final stage he sends his wife home to their son and renounces all contact with the society by becoming an ascetic, and attempting to pursue moksha with greater intention. Among the four stages of the ashramas, most people only completed the first three. Retired couples usually stayed with their oldest son, and very rarely did a man become an ascetic in his old age. Basically, the concept of the four ashramas sought to synthesize the necessity of order in society and the spiritual liberation (moksha) of the individual.
The traditional caste system consists of a hierarchy of four castes (varnas): Brahmins (priests and teachers), Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors), Vaishyas (merchants and cultivators), and Shudras (servants). The non-Aryans who were incorporated into the Aryan society belonged to the Shudra caste. Those who were rejected on the grounds of ritual impurity were treated as and called Untouchables because members of the four castes did not associate with them. With the expansion and spread of the Hindu worldview throughout India, the division, hierarchy, and names of the traditional castes were not maintained, with the exception of the Brahmins, who claimed and were acknowledged as possessing a degree of ritual purity that retained their superiority above the other castes. The word dharma is central to Hindu belief. Hindus often refer to their religion as Hindu Dharma, basically stating that Hinduism is a way of life rather than a religion.

The lowest of the four ancient social classes, or Varnas-, the Shudras were considered so low as to be prohibited from the study of the “Vedas,” the earliest texts of sacred Indian literature. Shudras are now con-sidered to be a “scheduled caste” by the Indian Government, meaning that they are historically disadvantaged. The government’s 2011 census showed that over 200m Indians belong to a scheduled caste.
Over time, the caste structure became more complex, coalescing into a system known as “Chatuvarnya,” which in turn was reinforced by the authorities of the British Raj. The categories set down by colonial administrators persist today. There are now more than 3,000 castes in India, and an even greater number of sub-castes. Here are six of the most significant:

Some say the caste system would have disappeared by now if the fires were not regularly fanned by politicians.
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In general, a caste is an endogamous hereditary group of families bearing a common name, often claiming a common descent, as a rule professing to follow the same hereditary calling, adhering to the same customs—especially regarding purity, meals, and marriages—and often further divided into smaller endogamous circles. Moreover, tribes, guilds, or religious communities characterized by particular customs—for example, the Lingayats—could easily be regarded as castes. The status of castes varies in different localities. Although social mobility is possible, the mutual relationship of castes is hierarchically determined: local Brahman groups occupy the highest place, and differences in ritual purity are the main criteria of position in the hierarchy. Most impure are the so-called “ untouchables,” officially designated as Scheduled Castes in the constitution of modern India. Many Scheduled Caste groups now prefer the name Dalit (“Crushed” or “Oppressed”). Among the Scheduled Castes, however, there are numerous subdivisions, each of which regards itself as superior to others.
The origin of the caste system is not known with certainty. Hindus maintain that the proliferation of the castes (jatis, literally “births”) was the result of intermarriage (which is prohibited in Hindu works on dharma), which led to the subdivision of the four classes, or varnas. Modern theorists, however, assume that castes arose from differences in family ritual practices, racial distinctions, and occupational differentiation and specialization. Scholars also doubt whether the simple varna system was ever more than a theoretical socioreligious ideal and have emphasized that the highly complex division of Hindu society into nearly 3,000 castes and subcastes was probably in place even in ancient times.

The caste system is seen as way of breaking down society into categories that are different from race, class, tribe, and ethnic group, although individual castes often are made of members of a particular race, class, tribe, and ethnic group. In some cases, castes become almost become separate groups that have many characteristics of an ethnic group or minority. There are four main castes with thousands of subdivisions and individuals castes. (See Different Castes in Separate article).
The caste system is sanctioned by Hinduism. It is regarded as divine in origin and has been perceived that way for centuries. The religion text the Rig Veda (thought to date back as far as 1500 B.C.) defines and justifies the stratification system. According to a sacred Rig Veda hymn, the stratification of human beings came about during creation when the cosmic giant Purisha sacrificed parts of his body to create mankind: “His mouth became the Brahmin, his arms were made into the warrior (Kshatriya), his thighs the People (Vaishiya) and from his feet the Servants (Shudra) were born.” In the Rig Veda the lowest castes are referred to as two-foot cattle.

References:

http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/how-does-indias-caste-system-work
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35650616
http://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinduism/Castes
http://factsanddetails.com/india/Religion_Caste_Folk_Beliefs_Death/sub7_2b/entry-4158.html

photo essay ideas

Photo Essay #5: A Day in the Life. For this essay, find someone such as a doctor, lawyer, firefighter, or police officer willing to let you follow him or her for a day, both behind the scenes and during their job. If there are times when photos cannot be taken, then you can use the text option for a photo essay and supplement your photos with some captions or short written passages.
Photo Essay #7: Turn a Day Out into Reportage. Find a location one would normally go to for a day out but treat this day out more as reportage—photograph behind the scenes shots, interview workers and customers. Locations could include amusement parks, nature preserves, or movie theaters.

Before you start taking photos, you should review photo essay examples. You can find interesting pictures to analyze and photo story examples online, in books, or in classic publications, like Life Magazine. Don’t forget to look at news websites for photojournalism examples to broaden your perspective. This review process will help you in brainstorming simple essay topics for your first photo story and give you ideas for the future as well.
Choose the medium that feels like the best space to share your photo essay ideas and vision with your audiences. You should think of your photo essay as your own personal form of art and expression when deciding where and how to publish it.

If you think a photo essay is something you might want to try, consider some ideas below to get going.
When people have strong feelings about a cause, they will often go to any length to support it — even so far as dressing up in panda suits, as portrayed in this photo essay about conservationists.

But how do you make one yourself? Here’s a list of photo essay examples. Choose one that you can easily do based on your photographic level and equipment.
If you have ever read Fruits, you will know what street fashion can be like. I have even heard of a street in Milan where people walk up and down, showing off their best styles.

It took Jessica Earnshaw almost two weeks to take pictures of elderly inmates in prison. Her shots can be found on the pages of National Geographic and other well-known magazines.
Eric Etheridge snapped photos of people approximately 50 years after their mugshots were taken. It is especially interesting to compare the portraits of that same women and men many years later.

References:

http://www.photocontestinsider.com/photo-essay-examples/
http://www.lightstalking.com/4-photo-essay-ideas/
http://expertphotography.com/17-photo-essay-examples-ideas/
http://fixthephoto.com/photo-essay-examples.html
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Buddhism_vs_Taoism

ideas on argumentative essay topics

A conclusion is, no doubt, the most important part of the argumentative essay as you can either support the good impression or destroy it entirely. If you want to avoid typical mistakes, find valuable recommendations in this article.

• In-depth research
• Gathering of information
• Picking the most credible and up-to-date sources
• Writing a draft
• Writing compare and contrast essay itself
• Editing
• Revising (at least twice)

Remember: argumentative tasks are assigned to maintain debating abilities. This sort of task impacts how well a student will give speeches in public or simply defend his point of view in the future.
If you’re a student of the English 101 class or any similar course, you have most probably faced tons of writing assignments. They drive most students mad. School students feel less pressure than college and university peers. Higher academic levels require higher knowledge and broader set of skills. That is why students from colleges receive more complicated assignments. The topics become more complex.

“Is after-class homework harmful or useful?” That is how a good argumentative paper topic may sound.
Are you ready to discover one more extra topic? Let it be something universal like “What are the best methods to control modern generation?”

Which would you enjoy researching? Do you have a firm position on a particular subject? Is there a point you would like to make sure to get across? Did the topic give you something new to think about? Can you see why someone else may feel differently?
Students often find that most of their work on these essays is done before they even start writing. This means that it’s best if you have a general interest in your subject, otherwise you might get bored or frustrated while trying to gather information. (You don’t need to know everything, though.) Part of what makes this experience rewarding is learning something new.

For the weed killer ban, you could say that weed killer has been proven to have adverse impacts on bees, that there are simple, natural alternatives, and that weeds aren’t actually bad to have around. For the free lunch idea, you could suggest that some students have to go hungry because they can’t afford lunch, that funds could be diverted from other places to support free lunch, and that other items, like chips or pizza, could be sold to help make up lost revenue. And for the school day length example, you could argue that teenagers generally don’t get enough sleep, that you have too much homework and not enough time to do it, and that teenagers don’t spend enough time with their families.
Your thesis is the crux of your argument. In an argumentative essay, your thesis should be clearly outlined so that readers know exactly what point you’ll be making. Don’t explain all your evidence in the opening, but do take a strong stance and make it clear what you’ll be discussing.

References:

http://jcme.ca/blog/argumentative-essay-topics
http://writemyessay4me.org/blog/argumentative-essay-topics
http://www.thoughtco.com/argument-essay-topics-1856987
http://blog.prepscholar.com/argumentative-essay-topics-ideas
http://writemyessay4me.org/blog/analytical-essay

which magazines to get interesting essay topics from

Once you have chosen your topic, check the internet for references and also try using your school’s library database, which may also be available online. Don’t hesitate to ask your librarian for assistance with an urgent research paper. Other resources beyond the library include research paper websites that provide professional research paper writing help.
Running out of topics to write about? Check the suggestions below that can help you choose the right research paper topics:

Below are 113 good research topics to help you get you started on your paper. We’ve organized them into ten categories to make it easier to find the type of research paper topics you’re looking for.
If you’re writing a paper on the causes of the Civil War, your thesis might be “While the dispute between the North and South over slavery is the most well-known cause of the Civil War, other key causes include differences in the economies of the North and South, states’ rights, and territorial expansion.”

Self help
• Opinions on new governmental policies
• Stories that are trending
• Social issues like dating, religion, diversity etc.
• School policy and rules
• School classes and subjects
• What makes a good teacher/principal?
• What makes a good student?

For reporters or academics, it can be hard to step back from research rituals and write from personal experience. But a personal essay can endear you to an audience, bring attention to an issue, or simply provide comfort to a reader who’s “been there.”
“Submit to the places you love that publish work like yours,” essayist Ford advises, but don’t get caught up in the size of the publication. And “ recognize that at small publications you’re way more likely to find someone with the time to really help you edit a piece. ”

You have better chances of getting your articles published if they’re very interesting. Study your chosen topic carefully and figure out the angles that were not yet discussed before and those that will grab your target audience by the throat. Also, make sure that you do not write about general topics. Publishers in general do not like articles that contain too many information that are not really useful or beneficial to their clients.
Writing articles for magazines is definitely a dream for a lot of writers. This is because the pay is usually huge. Not only that, it can also offer exposure that can lead to more article writing projects. Below are the things that you need to learn in order to write amazing articles for magazines:

References:

http://blog.prepscholar.com/good-research-paper-topics
http://www.jilster.com/ideas-topics-school-magazine/
http://thewritelife.com/personal-essay/
http://www.freelancewriting.com/magazine-writing/6-magazine-article-writing-tips/
http://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/employment-law/racial-discrimination-in-the-workplace-employment-law-essay.php

generate citation apa

It will usually request vital details about a source — like the authors, title, and publish date — and will output these details with the correct punctuation and layout required by the official APA style guide. Our citation generator has recently been updated to support the new 7th edition style guide alongside the current 6th edition.
College-level and post-graduate students are most likely to use an APA citation generator, because APA style is the most favored style at these learning levels. Before college, in middle and high school, MLA style is more likely to be used. In other parts of the world styles such as Harvard (UK and Australia) and DIN 1505 (Europe) are used more often.

• Safely store your reference list
• Create multiple reference lists
• Work from multiple devices

When there are three or more authors, separate their last names using commas. The last two authors’ last names should be separated by both a comma and an ampersand (in a citation) or “and” (in the running text).

Our Citation Machine® APA guide is a one-stop shop for learning how to cite in APA format. Discover what APA is, how to cite in APA format, and use our simple to follow directions and examples to keep your citations in check and under control.
Whether you’re a student, writer, foreign language learner, or simply looking to brush up on your grammar skills, our comprehensive grammar guides provide an extensive overview on over 50 grammar-related topics. Confused about reflexive verbs, demonstrative adjectives, or conjunctive adverbs? Look no further! Learn about these grammar topics and many, many more in our thorough and easy to understand reference guides!

APA citing giving you a headache? Let the Cite This For Me APA format generator remove some stress caused by citations by helping you turn your sources into a fully-formatted citation. The citation generator will create your reference in two parts; an in-text APA format citation and a full reference that is ready to be copied straight into your work.
A note on journals and website citations: If you are wondering how to cite a website in APA, you will need the URL of the website. If you use an online journal as a source, then you should first look for a DOI, or digital object identifier, and use that instead of a URL. A DOI is a more precise way to locate an article than a URL because the DOI will follow the article even if the URL changes. A DOI is typically located at the top of the page of an online journal article.

“Lecture-rooms are numerous and large, but the number of young people who genuinely thirst after truth and justice is small” (Einstein, 2007, p. 5).
How should I style the title?

References:

http://www.jcme.ca/apa-citation-generator/
http://www.citationmachine.net/apa
http://www.citethisforme.com/citation-generator/apa
http://www.jcme.ca/guides/citation-guides/apa-format/apa-citation/
http://www.thoughtco.com/argument-essay-topics-1856987

free essay corrector online

Old References: Part of a well-researched paper is verifying the legitimacy and relevance of your sources. While some older references may be acceptable depending on the topic, if all of your sources are outdated, it may lead your teacher to believe that you’ve recycled your own work or someone else’s.
If you’re unsure about how to proceed, our library of resources can help you learn more and make an educated decision. In this way, you gain more than just the ability to correct your work; over time, you can learn how to avoid plagiarism altogether.

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Students can and should use Proofreading Tool to pre-grade their essays, research papers or any other written work before handing in their final product for a grade. As burgeoning writers use this tool over time, they will find their ability to express themselves clearing through the written word improving steadily.
Enforce American spelling

The Ginger Essay Checker helps you write better papers instantly. Upload as much text as you want – even entire documents – and Essay Checker will automatically correct any spelling mistakes, grammar mistakes, and misused words. Ginger Essay Checker uses patent-pending technology to fix essays, improving your writing just like a human editor would. Take advantage of the most advanced essay corrector on the market. You’ll benefit from instant proofreading, plus you’ll automatically improve your writing skills as you view highlighted errors side by side with Ginger Essay Checker’s corrections.
Stop Wasting Time and Effort Checking Papers

English is a difficult language, so using correct grammar and diverse vocabulary will set you apart from the crowd. Using good sentence structure and wording improves your content’s impact and readability while building your readers’ trust. Slick Write goes beyond spell checking to teach you the habits of effective writers. How does your writing rate?
Slick Write is a powerful, free application that makes it easy to check your writing for grammar errors, potential stylistic mistakes, and other features of interest. Whether you’re a blogger, novelist, SEO professional, or student writing an essay for school, Slick Write can help take your writing to the next level. Curious? See why Slick Write is the best. Try the interactive demo, or check your own document. No software download or installation is required.

References:

http://www.scribens.com/
http://proofreadingtool.com/
http://www.gingersoftware.com/essay-checker
http://www.slickwrite.com/
http://jcme.ca/blog/argumentative-essay-topics

template for writing an essay

Still a little unsure of how to start? We’ve provided some examples below of what an outline will look like for a few different types of essays. Remember that these outlines are just samples. They aren’t necessarily something set in stone that you can’t adapt for your particular assignment or idea.
We compare and contrast things all the time in “real” life. We analyze what kind of healthcare plan we want, what major to pick, what phone we want, what career we want to pursue, etc. Having the skills to analyze two (or more) items and discovering what the facts are about them so that you can make an educated decision on which to pick are pretty crucial.

Here’s how to outline an essay:
a) Summarize all main points
b) Restate your thesis
c) Add a call to action: what you want readers to do after reading your essay

After you have hooked the reader, it is important to give context that will help your reader understand your argument. This might involve providing background information, giving an overview of important academic work or debates on the topic, and explaining difficult terms. Don’t provide too much detail in the introduction—you can elaborate in the body of your essay.
The essay starts with a hook that grabs your reader’s interest.

Writing an academic essay means fashioning a coherent set of ideas into an argument. Because essays are essentially linear—they offer one idea at a time—they must present their ideas in the order that makes most sense to a reader. Successfully structuring an essay means attending to a reader’s logic.
Structuring your essay according to a reader’s logic means examining your thesis and anticipating what a reader needs to know, and in what sequence, in order to grasp and be convinced by your argument as it unfolds. The easiest way to do this is to map the essay’s ideas via a written narrative. Such an account will give you a preliminary record of your ideas, and will allow you to remind yourself at every turn of the reader’s needs in understanding your idea.

Topic Sentence: I was embarrassed at finishing last in my first competitive swim meet, so I began working on ways to improve my performance.
Plan of development: I was very disappointed in my results from the first meet, so I improved my training and fitness. This helped me swim better and faster, which helped me to greatly improve my results.

References:

http://www.jcme.ca/category/academic-essay/
http://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/essay-structure
http://www.teachervision.com/writing/sample-essay-outlines
http://www.wpbeginner.com/showcase/best-online-grammar-checker-tools-for-wordpress-2018/

rel 133 week 4 individual assignment daoism and confucianism summary

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Daoism, Confucianism, and Shinto Summary

Include references formatted according to APA guidelines. You may find helpful resources for completing your assignment in the Center for Writing Excellence in the University Library.
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Write a 175–word summary of Confucianism that includes an explanation of how the teachings of Confucius relate to relationships and an ideal society.
Daoism and Confucianism Summary

Include in your submission:

• Identify the name and description of the selected company,
• Describe the problem at that company,
• Identify one research variable from that problem,
• Describe the methods you would use for collecting a suitable sample of either qualitative or quantitative data for the variable (NOTE: do not actually collect any data)
• Analyze how you will know if the data collection method would generate valid and reliable data ( Note : do not actually collect any data)

References:

http://www.tutorialrank.com/product-27494-REL-133-Assignment-Week-4-Daoism-Confucianism-and-Shinto-Summary-(New-Syllabus)
http://jwcourseworksegj.generalcosmics.com/rel-133-week-4-confucianism-paper-himojok418.html
http://www.homeworkmarket.com/files/rel133week4daoismconfucianismandshintosummary-docx
http://sites.google.com/site/helphomeworkfinalexam/qnt-275-week-3-clo-business-decision-making-project-part-1
http://work.chron.com/write-interview-apa-format-6612.html

how to make an outline for an essay

The only real solution is to recognize that you’re approaching that blank page the wrong way. Trying to figure out everything at once and shove it all into a sentence is impossible, like trying to eat a sandwich you haven’t actually made yet.
Look over your outline. Which body paragraph do you want to write first? Use the outline to guide you sentence by sentence.

With these sentences, you have essentially constructed an outline for your essay. The most general ideas, which you organized in your first sentence, constitute the essay’s sections. They follow the order in which you placed them in your sentence. The order of the smaller categories within each larger category (determined by your secondary sentences) indicates the order of the paragraphs within each section. Finally, your last set of sentences about your specific notes should show the order of the sentences within each paragraph. An outline for the essay about the 1999 Republican Primary (showing only the sections worked out here) would look something like this:
The First Steps

Conclude the essay with a recap of the events described or a reflection on the lesson learned in the story.
Set the scene and provide factual details.

In general, your essay outline will look like this:
To create an outline for such an essay, consider the following example:

I bet you don’t need it but I have decided to include this video developed by the writing center of North Carolina University where you can get slightly more information on the same topic and enrich your knowledge.
This is the most information-rich part of your writing and you should provide your thoughts in all the details required. Use as many paragraphs as you need, don’t be greedy.

References:

http://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/outlining
http://www.teachervision.com/writing/sample-essay-outlines

http://jcme.ca/blog/essay-outline
http://www.jcme.ca/